Basic Knowledge and Technical Applications of Plastic Molds - Public Security

Basic Knowledge and Technical Applications of Plastic Molds - Public Security

 

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Plastic molds are tools used in the plastic processing industry, working in conjunction with plastic molding machines to give plastic products their complete shape and accurate dimensions.

 

Due to the wide variety of plastic types and processing methods, and the varying complexity of plastic molding machines and plastic product structures, the types and structures of plastic molds are also diverse.

 

General classification of molds: They can be divided into plastic molds and non-plastic molds:

 

(1) Non-plastic molds include: casting molds, forging molds, stamping molds, die-casting molds, etc. A. Casting molds – faucets, cast iron platforms

 

B. Forging molds – car bodies

 

C. Stamping molds – computer panels

 

D. Die-casting molds – superalloys, cylinder blocks

 

(2) Plastic molds

 

According to different production processes and products, they are further divided into:

 

A. Injection molding molds – TV casings, keyboard buttons (most widely used)

 

B. Blow molding molds – beverage bottles

 

C. Compression molding molds – bakelite switches, scientific ceramic bowls and plates

 

D. Transfer molding molds – integrated circuit products

 

E. Extrusion molding molds – glue tubes, plastic bags

 

F. Thermoforming molds – transparent molded packaging shells

 

G. Rotational molding molds – soft plastic dolls and toys

 

Technical applications of plastic mold products

 

A combined plastic mold used for compression molding, extrusion molding, injection molding, blow molding, and low-foaming molding. It mainly includes a female mold with a variable cavity, composed of a female mold combination base plate, female mold components, and female mold combination clamping plates; and a male mold with a variable core, composed of a male mold combination base plate, male mold components, male mold combination clamping plates, cavity cutting components, and side cutting combination plates.

 

The coordinated changes of the mold's male and female molds and auxiliary molding systems allow for the processing of a series of plastic parts of different shapes and sizes.

 

Various tools and products used in our daily production and life, from large machine tool bases and machine casings to small embryo screws, buttons, and the casings of various household appliances, are all closely related to molds.

 

The shape of the mold determines the shape of these products, and the processing quality and precision of the mold determine the quality of these products. Due to the differences in materials, appearance, specifications, and uses of various products, molds are divided into non-plastic molds such as casting molds, forging molds, die-casting molds, and stamping molds, as well as plastic molds.

 

1. In recent years, with the rapid development of the plastics industry and the continuous improvement of general-purpose and engineering plastics in terms of strength and precision, the application range of plastic products has been continuously expanding, such as in household appliances, instruments and meters, building materials, the automotive industry, daily hardware, and many other fields. The proportion of plastic products is rapidly increasing. A well-designed plastic part can often replace multiple traditional metal parts.

 

The trend of industrial and daily products becoming increasingly plasticized is constantly rising.

 

2. General definition of molds: In industrial production, various presses and special tools installed on the presses are used to produce parts or products of the required shape from metal or non-metallic materials through pressure. These special tools are collectively called molds.

 

3. Explanation of the injection molding process: A mold is a tool for producing plastic products. It consists of several sets of parts, and this combination contains a molding cavity. During injection molding, the mold is clamped onto the injection molding machine, and the molten plastic is injected into the molding cavity and cooled and shaped within the cavity. Then the upper and lower molds separate, and the product is ejected from the mold cavity by the ejection system. Finally, the mold closes for the next injection molding cycle. The entire injection molding process is cyclical.

 

4. (1) Large gate molds: The gate is on the parting line and is demolded together with the product during mold opening. The design is simpler, easier to process, and the cost is lower, so many people use large gate systems.

 

(2) Small gate molds: The runner and gate are not on the parting line, generally directly on the product, so an additional set of gate parting lines needs to be designed. The design is more complex, and processing is more difficult. Generally, the small gate system is selected depending on the product requirements. (3) Hot Runner Molds:

 

The structure of this type of mold is generally similar to that of a fine-nozzle mold. The main difference is that the runner is located within one or more temperature-controlled hot runner plates and hot nozzles. There is no cold runner to be removed, and the runner and gate are directly on the product. Therefore, the runner does not need to be demolded. This system is also called a sprue-less system, which saves raw materials and is suitable for situations where raw materials are expensive and product requirements are high. However, the design and processing are more difficult, and the mold cost is higher.